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Armida (Haydn)
''Armida'', Hob. XXVIII/12, is an opera in three acts by Joseph Haydn, set to a libretto based upon Torquato Tasso's poem ''Gerusalemme liberata'' (''Jerusalem Delivered''). The first performance was 26 February 1784 and it went on to receive 54 performances from 1784 to 1788 at the Esterháza Court Theatre. During the composer's lifetime it was also performed in Pressburg, Budapest, Turin and Vienna. Haydn himself regarded ''Armida'' as his finest opera.〔Lang, Paul Henry, "Haydn and the Opera" (April 1932). ''The Musical Quarterly'', 18 (2): pp. 274–281.〕 ''Armida'' then disappeared from the general operatic repertoire; it was revived in 1968 in a concert rendition in Cologne, and later a production in Bern.〔 〕 The United States premiere of the opera was given at the Palace Theatre in Manchester, New Hampshire, with the New Hampshire Symphony Orchestra for the Monadnock Music Festival in September 1981. Sarah Reese sang the title role; the director Peter Sellars set the production during the Vietnam War.
Karl Geiringer has commented on how Haydn adopted the "principles and methods" of Christoph Willibald Gluck in this opera, and how the opera's overture alone encapsulates the opera's plot in purely instrumental terms.〔Geiringer, Karl, "Haydn as an Opera Composer" (1939–1940). ''Proceedings of the Musical Association'', 66th Sess.: pp. 23–32.〕 Haydn's opera contains occasional echoes of Sarti's ''Giulio Sabino'', played at Esterháza in 1783.〔Rice JA. "Armida". In: ''Haydn (Oxford Composer Companions)'', Ed Wyn Jones D., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.〕
==Roles==
The work is scored for flute, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns/trumpets, timpani, strings, continuo.
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